نوع مقاله : نامههای علمی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار، گروه تحقیقات بانک ژن منابع طبیعی ایران، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران،
2 استاد، بخش تحقیقات مرتع، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
3 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان شرقی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تبریز، ایران
4 دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفهان، ایران
5 محقق، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی لرستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، لرستان، ایران
6 محقق، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی زنجان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، زنجان، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Sainfoin is a fodder plant and possesses high nutritional value for livestock. This plant is suitable for cultivation in both irrigated and dryland farming systems. Feeding ruminants with infected plants carrying powdery mildew can result in abortion. Sainfoin powdery mildew disease is caused by the fungus Leveillula taurica, which produces necrotic leaf-tissue symptoms and visible spots on the plants. Contamination of the plant with this disease, particularly under severe conditions, leads to reduced plant growth and smaller inflorescences, ultimately resulting in a noticeable decrease in yield. The main stage during which the disease inflicts its most serious damage occurs in the second and third cuttings. To introduce Sainfoin varieties tolerant to surface powdery mildew, the breeding of two Sainfoin varieties, Bordbar 1 and Bordbar 2, was carried out in three stages over 12 years. The breeding method in this study was comparing and selecting superior populations and purifying them regarding powdery mildew tolerance and forage yield relative to native populations. In the preliminary experiment, 60 Sainfoin populations susceptible to powdery mildew were cultivated and evaluated at the Alborz Karaj station for four years (2008–2011). In the second project, 19 superior populations were cultivated and evaluated across five provinces for four years (2013–2016). In the extension research program, two superior tolerant populations, 3001 and 15353, were cultivated and evaluated alongside a native control population (susceptible to powdery mildew) at ten experimental locations (farmers' fields) for 3 years (2018–2019). The results showed that the average disease severity index of the native populations (control) exceeded 25% in all locations, classifying them as very susceptible to powdery mildew. The average disease severity index of the two populations, 3001 and 15353, across all locations during the three experimental periods was less than 10%, indicating that these populations were tolerant to powdery mildew. The average forage dry-matter yield of population 3001 (Bordbar 1) in the first phase, second phase, and the extension research project was 7.07, 5.7, and 7.7 tons/ha, respectively. The average forage dry-matter yield of population 15353 (Bordbar 2) in the first and second phases and the extension research project was 5.43, 5.4, and 7.40 tons/ha, respectively. Thus, the two new varieties, Bordbar 1 and Bordbar 2, were recommended by the relevant organizations as newly improved varieties for farmers in the country’s forage-production areas.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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