Policy for the development of seed orchards of forest tree and shrub species in Iran

Document Type : Scientific Views

Authors

1 Natural Resources Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sari, Iran. k.espahbodi@areeo.ac.ir

2 Department of Biotechnology Research, Forests and Rangelands Research Institute, (AREEO).Tehran, Iran

3 Associate Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extention Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

supplying the certified and suitable seeds and seedlings of forest trees and shrubs species that have suitable compatibility and genetic diversity for different vegetation areas of the country has been accepted as a prerequisite for executive programs in forest rehabilitation and development. Since the strategic plan for forest development of Iran, envisages about 2,000,000 hectares of seedling planting or seeding in a 10-year duration, it is necessary to pay more attention to the development of seed orchards as a tested strategy. Based on the existing research-executive experiences, models should be presented that, by creating a balance between genetic diversity and genetic gain, have the necessary efficiency in mass production and quality seeds and seedlings in the short, medium, and long term. With this approach, seed supply sources in Iran will include both seed production areas and seed orchards. Therefore, in order to form a seed orchard in different vegetation areas, first, the seed production areas are identified and evaluated. By genetic and phenotypic evaluation of the seed production areas (by molecular methods and progeny tests), suitable rootstocks for temporary seed supply before the formation or sowing of seed orchards or in some cases due to the impossibility of forming the seed orchard, to be permanently identified, selected and managed. In the next step, by combining the data related to molecular studies and the results of progeny tests, an appropriate number of maternal rootstocks, and the seed orchard formed with the seedlings of these maternal plants.

Keywords

References

Almqvist, C., 2013. Methods to stimulate flowering and seed production in spruce seed orchards. In: Laima, A.J. and Zvejniece, L. Proceedings of Conference, "Improving seed production from forest seed orchards in the Baltic sea region countries-establishment, Management, Flowering stimulation and Protection". April 5, 2013, Riga, Latvia.
 
Bilir, N. and Gulcu, S., 2015. General over-view of forest establishment in Turkish forestry. In: Ivetid V. and Stankovic, D. Proceedings: International conference reforestation challenges. 03-06 June 2015, Belgrade, Serbia, 159-163.    
Chałupka W., Barzdajn, W., Blonkowski, S., Burczyk, J., Fonder, W., Grądzki, T., Gryzło, Z., Kackprzak, P., Kowalczyk, J., Kozioł, C., Matras, J., Pytko, T., Rzońca, Z., Sabor, J., Szeląg, Z. and Tarasiuk, S., 2011. The program of conserving forest genetic resources and breeding of trees in Poland for the years 2011‐2035. Centrum Informacyjne Lasów Państwowych. Warszawa.
Chen, X., Sun, X., and Dong, L. 2018. Mating patterns and pollen dispersal in a Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) clonal seed orchard: a case study. Science China Life Science, 61: 1011–1023.
D’Amato, A.W.D., Bradford, J.B., Fraver, S. and .Palik, B.J., 2011. Forest management for mitigation and adaptation to climate change: Insights from long-term silviculture experiments. Forest Ecology and Management, 262(5): 803-816.
De Dios, V.R., Fischer, CR. and Colinas, C., 2007. Climate Change Effects on Mediterranean Forests and Preventive Measures. New Forests, 33(1): 29-40.
Faulkner, R., 1975. Seed Orchards. Forestry commission Commission bulletinBulletin. No: 54, 149 p.
Granhof, J., (1991). Mass production of improved material: Seed Orchards Concept, Design and Role in Tree Improvement. Danida Forest Seed Centre. Lecture Note D-8, Uden navn.
Hansen, O. K., 2008. Mating patterns, genetic composition and diversity levels in two seed orchards with few clones—-Impact on planting crop. Forest Ecology and Management, 256 (5): 1167-1177.
Jansons, A., 2013. Genetic diversity in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seed orchards in Latvia and factors affecting it. In: Laima, A.J and Zvejniece, L. Proceedings of Conference on "Improving seed production from forest seed orchards in the Baltic sea region countries-establishment, Management, Flowering stimulation and Protection". April 5, 2013, Riga, Latvia.
Konrad, H., 2017. The provision of forest tree seed in Austria: Currebt status and historic development. In: Funda, T. and Hallingback, H. proceedings of IUFRO Seed OrchardConference, September 4-6, 2017. Balsta, Sweden.
Kowalczyk, J., Przypaśniak, J. and Rzońca, M., 2013. Revised seed orchard strategy in Poland. In: Laima, A.J and Zvejniece, L.Proceedings of Conference "Improving seed production from forest seed orchards in the Baltic sea region countries-establishment, Management, Flowering stimulation and Protection". April 5, 2013, Riga, Latvia.
Liesebach, H., 2017. Mating system analysis in duglas Duglas fir seed orchad and seed stands in Geemany. IUFRO Seed Orchard Conference, Sebtember 4-6, 2017. Balsta, Sweden. Page 77p.
Lucian Curtu, A., 2017. Gentic variation of bud flashing in a Norway sprouce seed orchard in Romania.  IUFRO Seed Orchard Conference, Sebtember 4-6, 2017. Balsta, Sweden.
Mead, D.J., 2013. Sustainable management of Pinus radiata plantations.  FAO Forestry Paper No. 170. Rome, FAO.
Nikkanen, T., 2007. A review of Finnish seed orchards of Scots pine and Norway spruce. In: Summary reports on papers and posters presented at the seed orchard conference, Umea, Sweden. September 26-28, 2007.
Pliura, A. and Eriksson, G., 1997. Sustainable gene conservation of Pinus silvestris in Lithuania. Baltic Forestry, 1: 2-9.
Reid, D., 2007. British Columbia's provincial seed orchard program: multispecies management with integration to the end user. In: Summary reports on papers and posters presented at the seed orchard conference, Umea, Sweden. September 26-28, 2007.  
Self, B., 2021. What Are Genetically Improved Seedlings? Misispy State Univercity Extention, Publication No: P2617.  http://extension.msstate.edu/publications.
 Sønstebø, J.H., Tollefsrud, M.M., Myking, T., Steffenrem, A., Nilsen, A.E., Edvardsen, O.M., Johnskås, O.R. and El-Kassaby, Y.A. 2018. Genetic diversity of Norway spruce (Picea abies ((L.) Karst.) seed orchard crops: Effects of number of parents, seed year, and pollen contamination. Forest Ecology and Management, 411: 132-141.
Stoehr, M., Webber, J. & and Woods, J., 2004. Protocol for rating seed orchard seedlots in British Columbia: Quantifying genetic gain and diversity. Forestry, 77: 297- 303.
Vares, A. and Krinal, E., 2013. Seed orchards in Estonia: past, present and future. In: Laima, A.J and Zvejniece, L. Proceedings of Conference on "Improving seed production from forest seed orchards in the Baltic sea region countries-establishment, Management, Flowering stimulation and Protection". April 5, 2013, Riga, Latvia.
 
 
Iran Nature
Volume 6, Issue 5 - Serial Number 30
November and December 2021
Pages 7-17

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics